Motivation and Individual Performance
Apply motivation theories to understand why individuals perform at different levels despite similar capabilities.
Motivation determines the direction, intensity, and persistence of individual effort. Classical theories like Maslow's hierarchy, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and expectancy theory provide frameworks for understanding what drives performance. Expectancy theory suggests people perform when they believe effort leads to performance and performance leads to valued outcomes. This explains why an employee with high ability might underperform if they don't believe their effort matters or if the rewards aren't valued. Intrinsic motivation (internal satisfaction from the work itself) often matters more than extrinsic rewards (pay, bonuses). Understanding individual differences in needs, values, and beliefs helps managers design work and reward systems…
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